Methods and Methodology

The methodologies used for this study are obtained IPCC 1996 guidelines and IPCC 2006 guidelines. As per 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories, emission of each GHG is estimated by multiplying fuel consumption by the corresponding emission factor. To calculate total emissions of a gas from all its source categories, the emissions are summed over all source categories. Emissions Gas = ΣCategory A × EF Where, Emissions Gas is the emissions of given gas from its entire source categories; A is the amount of individual source category utilized which generates emissions of the gas under consideration and EF is the emission factor of a given gas type by type of source category. Greenhouse gas emissions from various major sectors like electricity consumption, transportation, domestic sector, industries, agriculture, livestock management and waste are calculated. The activity data for various source categories used are for the years 2009 and 2010. These data have been obtained from the government reports of central and state governments, published documents from various data organizations. Where all year wise data is not available like in livestock data, the official census data for 2003 and 2007 is extrapolated for the base

year taken. Country specific emission factors have been taken where all available for different source categories because the regional specific factors results in accurate estimation of emission values compared to default IPCC values. IPCC default emission factors (IPCC1996 and IPCC 2006 guidelines) are taken in categories where all regional emission factors do not exist. Emissions from electricity consumption is calculated using the fuel consumed to produce energy which is given by,
Emissions (t) = Fuel consumption (kt) × NCV (TJ/kt) × Gas specific emission factors (t/TJ) Emissions from road transportation is calculated using the VKT approach as it is more accurate and is calculated using, Emissions (g) = Number of vehicles × VKT × Emission factor (g/km) Industrial emissions are a major source of greenhouse emissions. The major industries includes, cement production, iron and steel, ferroalloys and aluminium production, production of chemicals like ammonia, ethylene, carbon black, carbide, glass and ceramics production, pulp and paper, food processing, textiles and leather and others. As these are polluting industries, normally they are not located within the city boundaries. Agricultural related emissions generally occur from paddy cultivation, managed soils and burning of crops as shown in Table 3. Emission factors for livestock sector for enteric fermentation and manure management is also considered.